Bladder melanosis with concurrent urothelial carcinoma

Bladder melanosis is a rare condition that has been incidentally discovered and reported fewer than 20 times. While independently benign, it has been reported with urothelial cell carcinoma and melanoma. The source of the melanocytes and cause of the melanosis is currently unknown; the presence of melanin pigment is pathognomonic for the disorder. Lesions appearing throughout the bladder are characterized by a brown or black hue and contain melanin pigment that disappear with bleaching. There are no specific symptoms or protocols for follow up. In this case report, we discuss a womanwith bladder melanosis and concurrent urothelial carcinoma, found during a hematuria evaluation.